Its path to statehood was long and bloody: After the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 opened the two territories to settlement and allowed the new settlers to determine whether the states would ...read more, The Kansas-Nebraska Act was an 1854 bill that mandated “popular sovereignty”–allowing settlers of a territory to decide whether slavery would be allowed within a new state’s borders. (Never very organized, thousands of slaves escaped mostly through their own wits and courage). Regulating associations and guerrilla bands were formed by each side, and only the intervention of the governor prevented violence in the Wakarusa War, launched in December 1855 over the murder of an antislavery settler. Due to the Kansas-Nebraska Act and popular sovereignty, violence broke out in Kansas with the appearance of border ruffians sent by groups such as the New England Immigrant Aid Society in order to shift the votes for Kansas being emitted as a slave or free state. intensified sectional conflict. Senator from Illinois, author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and Freeport Doctrine, and one of the writers of the Compromise of 1850. argues in favor of popular sovereignty. During the Civil War, Kansas suffered the highest rate of fatal casualties of any Union state, largely because of its great internal divisions over the issue of slavery. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The Harvard-educated lawyer had previously engaged in disarmament efforts and prison and school ...read more, The Whig Party was a political party formed in 1834 by opponents of President Andrew Jackson and his Jacksonian Democrats. John W. Geary, appointed territorial governor in September, managed to cool the “border war” with the aid of federal troops. Three days after the Sack of Lawrence, an antislavery band led by John Brown retaliated in the Pottawatomie Massacre. This bill could allow states to have slavery even though it had been prohibited for thirty-four years. Kansas, situated on the American Great Plains, became the 34th state on January 29, 1861. Law that allowed for popular sovereignty (people living in an area could decide if slavery would be allowed or not. Practice: Abolition, slavery, and the Compromise of 1850, Uncle Tom's Cabin - influence of the Fugitive Slave Act, Uncle Tom's Cabin - reception and significance, The Kansas-Nebraska Act and party realignment, Manifest Destiny: causes and effects of westward expansion, Dred Scott, the Lincoln-Douglas debates, and the election of 1860. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Small armies ranged over eastern Kansas, clashing at Black Jack, Franklin, Fort Saunders, Hickory Point, Slough Creek, and Osawatomie, where Brown and forty others were routed in late August. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. Sectional tension in the 1850s. But Kansas had hardly ceased bleeding–as became apparent in 1858 with the Marais des Cygnes massacre of five free-state men and pronounced disorder in several counties. Periodic bloodshed along the border followed as the two factions fought battles, captured towns, and set prisoners free. All Rights Reserved. On May 21, 1856, ruffians actually looted that town. Born a slave on a Maryland plantation, she escaped to the North and became the most renowned conductor on the Underground Railroad, leading more than 300 slaves to freedom. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. illegal network of abolitionists stations all over the border state region spiriting runaways to freedom in safe houses, secret hideouts, and wagons. Bleeding Kansas, (1854–59), small civil war in the United States, fought between proslavery and antislavery advocates for control of the new territory of Kansas under the doctrine of popular sovereignty. On Saturday, October 10th, we'll be doing some maintenance on Quizlet to keep things running smoothly. The question was finally settled when Kansas was admitted as a free state in January 1861, but, meanwhile, “Bleeding Kansas” had furnished the newly formed Republican Party with a much needed antislavery issue in the national election of 1860. A political struggle to determine the future state’s position on slavery ensued, centred on the Lecompton Constitution proposed in 1857. These series of events in "Bleeding Kansas" started with the killing of five slave supporters by the hand of John … a series of measures by Douglas that attempted to resolve the territorial and slavery controversies arising from the Mexican War . highly influenced the north's view on the Deep South and slavery. And, for your purposes, what Bleeding Kansas APUSH topics do you need to know for the exam? Terms in this set (6) Kansas-Nebraska Act. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Donate or volunteer today! Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... How many versions did the American flag have? Spell. All rights reserved. Bill proposed after the Mexican War that stated that neither slavery no involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any territory gained from Mexico. 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