Howat, I. M., Negrete, A., and Smith, B. E.: The Greenland Ice Mapping Project (GIMP) land classification and surface elevation data sets, The Cryosphere, 8, 1509–1518.


Tange, O.: GNU Parallel – The Command-Line Power Tool, ;login: The USENIX Magazine, Zenodo. As another melt season draws to an end over the Greenland ice sheet, it’s time for our annual look back at the weather in Greenland and how it has affected the ice sheet since September last year. Greenland ice sheet lost a record 1m tonnes of ice per minute in 2019, Greenland's melting ice sheet – in pictures, Trump in final push to open up Alaska's Arctic refuge to oil and gas drilling, Canadian ice shelf area bigger than Manhattan collapses due to rising temperatures, Weatherwatch: Melting Arctic ice triggers winter storms, study finds, Most polar bears to disappear by 2100, study predicts, Climate change made Siberian heatwave 600 times more likely – study, Russian mining giant admits pumping wastewater into Arctic tundra. We use the average of the first and last 3 years for earlier and later times, respectively. The widest gate (∼47 km) is Sermersuaq (Humboldt Gletsjer), and the second widest (∼34 km) is Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ).
(2016) and bed elevations from BedMachine v3 replaced by Millan et al.

Res. Shaded areas represent the spread of AR5 scenarios and the uncertainty around the observations. We ignore the velocity error σV because the proportional thickness error (σH∕H) is an order of magnitude larger than the proportional velocity error (σV∕V), yet both contribute linearly to the discharge. Further analysis showed the level and distribution of melting to be closely tied to a number of factors, including levels of snowfall and reflection of sunlight – known as albedo – as well as cloudiness and absorption of sunlight. The Greenland ice sheet has melted past the point of no return, Human beings are wreaking havoc on the Earth’s biodiversity, America’s economy is recovering faster than expected. Mouginot, J., Bjørk, A. A., Millan, R., Scheuchl, B., and Rignot, E.: Insights on the Surge Behavior of Storstrømmen and L. Bistrup Bræ, Northeast Greenland, Over the Last Century, Geophys. Lett., 422, 58–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.04.009, 2015. a, van den Broeke, M., Box, J., Fettweis, X., Hanna, E., Noël, B., Tedesco, M., Van As, D., Van De Berg, W. J., and Van Kampenhout, L.: Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Mass Loss: Recent Developments in Observation and Modeling, Current Climate Change Reports, 3, 345–356, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-017-0084-8, 2017. a, Van Rossum, G. and Drake Jr., F. L.: Python reference manual, Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Amsterdam, 1995. a, Vijay, S., Khan, S. A., Kusk, A., Solgaard, A. M., Moon, T., and Bjørk, A. A.: Resolving seasonal ice velocity of 45 Greenlandic glaciers with very high temporal details, Geophys. According to the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), the process is part of a progressive disintegration following several unusually warm years.

Mouginot, J., Rignot, E., Bjørk, A. A., van den Broeke, M., Millan, R., Morlighem, M., Noël, B., Scheuchl, B., and Wood, M.: Forty-six years of Greenland Ice Sheet mass balance from 1972 to 2018, P. Natl. The dramatic split took place this summer, and represents a huge loss to the world's largest remaining ice shelf. Overall there are ∼3 % fewer pixels, but only eight fewer gates, and some of the gate reduction is due to combining two gates on the same glacier that had a 1-pixel gap in the previous edition. The time series has also been extended through both the updated NSIDC 0646 data and 61 Sentinel-1 velocity maps from 2018 through the present (29 March 2020). We accept all ice thickness greater than 20 m and construct from this a thickness vs. log 10-speed relationship. Until recently, ice velocity mosaics were limited to once per year during winter (Joughin et al., 2010), and they are still temporally limited, often to annual resolution, prior to 2000 (e.g., Mouginot et al., 2018b, c).

We position gates near the present-year termini and estimate problematic bed topography (ice thickness) values where necessary. Previous similar studies have used 260 gates (Mouginot et al., 2019), 230 gates (King et al., 2018), and 178 gates (Enderlin et al., 2014). The operational interferometric postprocessing (IPP) chain (Dall et al., 2015; Kusk et al., 2018), developed at the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) Space and upgraded with offset tracking for ESA’s Climate Change Initiative (CCI) Greenland project, was employed to derive the surface movement. The Greenland ice sheet is about the same size as the state of Alaska and 10,000 feet thick in places. The concentration of valid pixels is 0.5, but the weighted concentration, or coverage, is 9∕11 or ∼0.82.


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