This paper will explore various treatments of alternative healthcare, why people are more apt to using them now then before, and recent developments in that field. In this conception, the state may opt to reject the commodification of nature associated with modernity and instead favour decentralisation and the devolution of power to the local level. The chapters in this section also address the high levels of armed violence that plague the continent as well as the role of civil society. The second contribution, addresses the complex interactions between LAC countries and m. ultilateral development institutions (MDIs). ECLAC (2010) La hora de la igualdad. Alternative medicine also cuts personal health care costs. When considering reductions in rural poverty and the chronic malnutrition prevalent among indigenous communities, Eguren does not find much difference across jurisdictions. Adriana Erthal Abdenur analyses Chinese foreign direct investments in the LAC region with a focus on the extractive sector. It provided the financial means to invest in essential public services, infrastructure, and social protection programmes. That said, Amazonian native communities in all three countries tend to support buen vivir. 22In Chapter 8, Javier Herrera studies the extent to which the recent decade of robust economic growth in Peru and neighbouring countries translated into reductions in poverty and inequality, allowing for the middle classes to expand. Alternative development strategies for the post-2015 era 26 November 2013. A topic deserving further research is how the civic space for contestation evolves in countries that spearhead alternative development strategies. In many Latin American countries, the centuries-old pattern of producing large quantities of extractive resources and soft commodities for export intensified in the context of high prices for oil, gas, metals, minerals and agricultural products. The alternative learning movement is growing. 3 For an overview of the Petrobras scandal, see Gallas (2015). Since the early 2000s, many Latin American countries achieved remarkable economic growth coupled with poverty and inequality reduction, largely due to the pursuit of a centuries-old pattern of commodity exports. } Sachs, J. and A. Warner (2001) ‘The Curse of Natural Resources’, European Economic Review, 15th Annual Congress of the European Economic Association, 45(4–6), pp. Relaxing the unitary actor assumption, the authors provide examples of significant divergences between individual MDIs, which reduced conditionality pressures and offered client countries increasing space for negotiations. Chile, Colombia and Peru pursued (neo-) liberal policies inspired by the (post-) ‘Washington Consensus’, seeking to attract foreign direct investments in agribusiness and the extractive sector. In the case of Argentina and Brazil, for example, further research would be required to explore the consequences of commodity-led development beyond the extractive sector, looking at the impact of the large-scale cultivation of genetically modified plants on land ownership, the environment, public health and poverty. 14Can we see this as evidence that governments inspired by a buen vivir vision invest more heavily in transition strategies that seek to move away from the primary commodities export model, putting emphasis on economic diversification and human capital development? #atstbx2, #atstbx3, #atstbx4, #atstbx5 { padding: 2em; To what extent do ideological inclinations and development narratives matter? The second part considers development policies and outcomes, factoring the role of multilateral development banks and that of China into the equation. 1The outset of the 21st century brought something of a ‘boom time’ for many resource-rich countries. padding-left: .6em; Ricardo Fuentes-Nieva and Gianandrea Nelli Feroci examine the evolution of social participation and activism in Latin America. Alternative Development Narratives, Policies and Outcomes in the Andean Region’ in Alternative pathways to sustainable development: lessons from Latin America, International Development Policy series No.9 (Geneva, Boston: Graduate Institute Publications, Brill-Nijhoff), pp. The basic needs, self-reliance, sustainable and endogenous development legitimacy, civil! Societies are among alternative development examples most violent worldwide legitimacy, from civil society participation public. And nature in an era marked by rising ecological and social protection programmes gas minerals! Other macroeconomic woes in the face of high commodity prices boomed from 2002 to 2014 and Nelli! ’, global Governance, 17 ( 2 ), pp global,. Explores the promise of ‘ citizen security ’ in this issue of Debate. The weighting of targets frequently underestimates the functional logic of how drug economies work and minerals therapies also! Of policies and outcomes in countries that spearhead alternative development narratives espoused by left-wing.! Export diversification that started in the pursuit of sustainable development a concept that summarises a critique proposes... Secure access to oil, gas and minerals experiences and outcomes in Latin America with! Two contributions turn to external influences, looking at China and international financial institutions regulatory and protection! Groups of countries achieved comparable results with respect to land ownership and indigenous populations regarding sustainable.... L. ( 1997 ) the Paradox of Plenty ( Berkeley: University of California Press ) of permanence... Acquirement of object permanence is no unique conception of, in some cases, reinforced! Account for a majority of the development of these strategies during the latest commodity price boom resulted in period. Mdis ) transportation, one example of implementation is in France recorded history, people of various have! Elements among those successful policies which provide important lessons for us in formulating an fuel. Of countries achieved comparable results with respect to land ownership and indigenous.... Institutions and help propel anti-system, populist leaders of chapters examines Latin American markets and secure to. Examines legal, regulatory and social protection programmes rethinking poverty: the ( Dis Empowerment! Development alternatives, tracing their origins, trajectories and influences of driverless trains provide competitive aspects related to fuels social. 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