In the First Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite, she seduces the mortal shepherd Anchises. [17][18][19] This would make the theonym in origin an honorific, "the lady".

Her main festival was the Aphrodisia, which was celebrated annually in midsummer. Aphrodite's most prominent avian symbol was the dove,[201] which was originally an important symbol of her Near Eastern precursor Inanna-Ishtar. [118] The Charites had been worshipped as goddesses in Greece since the beginning of Greek history, long before Aphrodite was introduced to the pantheon. [237] Artists also drew inspiration from Ovid's description of the birth of Venus in his Metamorphoses. In Greek mythology, Aphrodite was married to Hephaestus, the god of fire, blacksmiths and metalworking. [154][155] He fell madly and passionately in love with the ivory cult statue he was carving of Aphrodite and longed to marry it. [81] Appearances of Aphrodite in Greek literature also vastly proliferated, usually showing Aphrodite in a characteristically Roman manner. In Laconia, Aphrodite was worshipped as a warrior goddess. [275] Her many epithets include "Sea Born", "Killer of Men", "She upon the Graves", "Fair Sailing", and "Ally in War".[275].

[142] Then the women would mourn and lament loudly over the death of Adonis,[143] tearing their clothes and beating their breasts in a public display of grief. [145] Aphrodite "spills grace" over Pandora's head[144] and equips her with "painful desire and knee-weakening anguish", thus making her the perfect vessel for evil to enter the world.
[229] Numerous Roman mosaics of Venus survived in Britain, preserving memory of the pagan past. In Homer's Iliad, however, she is the daughter of Zeus and Dione.

[108] Such strophia were commonly used in depictions of the Near Eastern goddesses Ishtar and Atargatis. [67] The city of Corinth was renowned throughout the ancient world for its many hetairai,[68] who had a widespread reputation for being among the most skilled, but also the most expensive, prostitutes in the Greek world. [134] The women would then climb ladders to the roofs of their houses, where they would place the gardens out under the heat of the summer sun. [273] As one of the twelve Olympians, Aphrodite is a major deity within Hellenismos (Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism),[274][275] a Neopagan religion which seeks to authentically revive and recreate the religion of ancient Greece in the modern world. 194–195; Pompei 1973, n. 132; Pompeji 1973, n. 199, pp. [4] Zeus and Dione shared a cult at Dodona in northwestern Greece. [129] Anchises is terrified, but Aphrodite consoles him and promises that she will bear him a son. Along with Athena and Hera, Aphrodite was one of the three goddesses whose feud resulted in the beginning of the Trojan War and she plays a major role throughout the Iliad. Aphrodite's eyes are made of glass paste, while the presence of holes at the level of the ear-lobes suggest the existence of precious metal ear-rings which have since been lost.

[77] The Tessarakonteres, a gigantic catamaran galley designed by Archimedes for Ptolemy IV Philopator, had a circular temple to Aphrodite on it with a marble statue of the goddess herself. An interesting insight into the female ornaments of Roman times, the statuette, probably imported from the area of Alexandria, reproduces with a few modifications the statuary type of Aphrodite untying her sandal, known from copies in bronze and terracotta. [58], On Cyprus, Aphrodite was sometimes called Eleemon ("the merciful"). [154][157] Pseudo-Apollodorus later mentions "Metharme, daughter of Pygmalion, king of Cyprus".

[43], Aphrodite's most common cultic epithet was Ourania, meaning "heavenly",[47][48] but this epithet almost never occurs in literary texts, indicating a purely cultic significance. [45], Aphrodite's main festival, the Aphrodisia, was celebrated across Greece, but particularly in Athens and Corinth. [10][11] Similarly, Krzysztof Tomasz Witczak proposes an Indo-European compound *abʰor- "very" and *dʰei- "to shine", also referring to Eos.

[63] Aphrodite was also honored in Athens as part of the Arrhephoria festival. 148–149; Pompeii A.D. 79 1976, p. 83 e n. 218; Pompeii A.D. 79 1978, I, n. 208, pp.
[174] Paris selected Aphrodite and awarded her the apple. "Cypris" redirects here. [113] In modern times, Eros is often seen as Aphrodite's son,[114] but this is actually a comparatively late innovation.


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